Review Morphological Research

Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

Ø Morphology is a word from Greek language. Which is Morph “shape/form” and –ology ”the study of something”.

Ø Morphology is the study of internal structure of words. Morphology is also to make pattern or rules.

Ø Morpheme is the smallest unit of linguistic meaning or expression.

Ø Morpheme consists of two morphemes.

First, free morpheme. Free morpheme can stand alone. For example,

Predict, condition, happy, sad, and so on.

Second, bound morpheme. Bound morpheme cannot stand alone and must be attached with another morpheme. For example,

“happy” = free morpheme

We should add the affixes of ‘predict’ word.

Like this: un + happy become unhappy. These consist of two morphemes.

Ø The goal of morphological research, such as:

-      Elegant description,

-      Cognitively realistic description,

-      System-external explanation,

-      And a restrictive architecture for description.

Ø Lexeme is a dictionary word. E.g: a, be, sing, swim, sweet, stand, silly, etc.

Ø Word form is text word. E,g: sing-sings-singing

Ø Paradigm is the sets of word form that belong to lexeme.

Ø The relationship between word forms and lexeme called inflectional morphology. It means doesn’t change the part of speech.

Ø Word family is a different lexeme related to each other.

Ø English word families

Read, readable, unreadable, reader, readability, reread.

Ø The differences between word form and word family are:

Word form doesn’t change the part of speech (Inflectional).

Word family does change the part of speech (derivational).

Ø The relationship between lexemes and a word family called derivational morphology.

Ø The part of the word that an affix is attached to is called the base.

Ø A base that cannot be analyzed any further into constituent morphemes is called root.

Ø Allomorphs are variants of sounds.

Ø Allomorphs divide into two.

Ø First, phonological allomorphs are phonetically condition.

Ø Phonological allomorphs:

Ø -d [-ed, -id] wanted

[-t] fish

[-d] buzz

Ø Second, suppletive allomorphs are not all similar in pronunciation.

Suppletive allomorphs consist of strong and weak.

Strong is difficult to know.

e.g: go-went, little-less, bad-worse, good-better.

Weak is easy to know.

e.g: teach-taught, bring-brought, speak-spoke, buy-bought, catch-caught.