Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method

1.   What is the nature of student-student interaction in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

There is little student initiation and little student-student interaction in grammar-translation method. Students converse with one another in the direct method. There is student-to-student interaction in chain drills or when students take different roles in dialogs, but this interaction is teacher-directed.

2.   What areas of language are emphasized in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         In Grammar-Translation Method, vocabulary and grammar are emphasized. Reading and writing are the primary skills that the students work on. There is much less attention given to speaking and listening. Pronunciation receives little, if any, attention.

·         In The Direct Method, vocabulary is emphasized over grammar. Although work on all four skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) occurs from the start, 30 The Direct Method or l communication is seen as basic. Thus the reading and writing exercises are based upon what the students practice orally first. Pronunciation also receives attention right from the beginning of a course.

·         In The Audio-Lingual Method, vocabulary is kept to a minimum while the students are mastering the sound system and grammatical patterns. A grammatical pattern is not the same as a sentence. For instance, underlying the following three sentences is the same grammatical pattern.  Natural order of skills presentation is adhered to: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The oral skills receive most of the attention. What students write they have first been introduced to orally, Pronunciation is taught from the beginning, often by students working in language laboratories on discriminating between members of minimal pairs.

3.   What is the role of the student in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         Grammar Translation method

The students take role of the side that write and remember all the lesson, without being capable to say or discuss it with the teacher.

·         Direct method

The students remember the lessons teacher give to them by repeating the teacher, without understanding the grammar in the context.

·         Audio-lingual method

The students take place by becoming the listener of the lesson, while the teacher quite less busy, because all lessons students listen is from the recorder.

4.   How is the language viewed in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         The language viewed in Grammar translation method language by translating sentences between the target language and the native language. Advanced students may be required to translate whole texts word-for-word.

·         In the direct method, language viewed by development of oral skills

·         In audio-lingual method ,language viewed by teaching the student a language directly, without using the students' native language to explain new words or grammar in the target language.

5.   How does the teacher respond to student errors in Grammatical-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

•       In the Grammar-Translation Method, if students make errors or do not know an answer, the teacher supplies them with the correct answer.

•       In the Direct Method, the teacher, employing various techniques, tries to get students to self-correct whenever possible.

•       In the Audio-Lingual Method, student errors are to be avoided if at all possible through the teacher’s awareness of where the students will have difficulty and restriction of what they are taught to say.

6.   What is the nature of student-teacher Interaction in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

The nature of student-teacher interaction in The Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method and The Audio-lingual Method:

•       In the Grammar-Translation Method, most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students.

•       In the Direct Method, the initiation of the interaction goes both ways, from teacher to student and from student to teacher, although the latter is often teacher directed.

•       In the Audio-Lingual Method, there is student-to-student interaction in chain drills or when student take different roles in dialogs, but this interaction is teacher-directed.  Most of the interaction is between teacher and student and is initiated by the teacher.

7.   What is the role of the teacher in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, The Audio –Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         Grammar-translation method: the roles are very traditional. The teacher is the authority in the classroom.

·         The direct method: although the teacher directs the class activities, the student role is less passive than in the grammar-translation method. The teacher and the students are more like partners in the teaching or learning process.

·         The audio-lingual method: the teacher is like an orchestra leader, directing and controlling the language behavior of her students. She is also responsible for providing her students with a good model for imitation.

8.   What is the role of the students’ native language in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, The Audio –Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         In Grammar-Translation Method, the meaning of of the target language is made clear by translating it into the students’ native language.  The language that is used in class is mostly the students’ native language.

·         In The Direct Method, the students’ native language should not be used in the classroom.

·         In The Audio-Lingual Method, the habits of the students’ native language are thought to interfere with the students’ attempt to master the target language. Therefore, the target language is used in the classroom, not the students’ native language. A contrastive analysis between the students’ native language and the target language will reveal where a teacher should expect the interference.

9.   What are the goals of teachers who use in the Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

The goals of Teachers who use the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, and Audio-Lingual Method:

·         Grammar-Translation Method: A fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in the target language. To do this, students need to learn about the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language, and studying foreign language provides students with good mental exercise which helps develop their minds.

·         Direct Method:  to intend that students learn how to communicate in the target language. In order to do this successfully, students should learn to think in the target language.

·         Audio-Lingual Method: Want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. In other to do this, they believe students need to over learn the target language, to learn to use it automatically without stopping to think. Their students achieve this by forming new habits in the target language and overcoming the old habits of their native language.

10.        How are the feelings of the student deal with in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

- Grammar-Translation Method: student would be more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better.

- The Direct Method: The student allows to speak when teachers allows them

-The Audio-Lingual Method: the students know they will be expected to eventually memorize the dialog the teacher is introducing.

11.        How is evolution accomplished in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

•       In the Grammar-Translation Method, most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students.

•       In the Direct Method, the initiation of the interaction goes both ways, from teacher to student and from student to teacher, although the latter is often teacher directed.

•       In the Audio-Lingual Method, there is student-to-student interaction in chain drills or when student take different roles in dialogs, but this interaction is teacher-directed.  Most of the interaction is between teacher and student and is initiated by the teacher.

12.        What are some characteristics of the teaching/ learning process in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual method?

Answer:

Characteristic of teaching/ learning process

1.   GTM (Grammar-Translation-Method):

·         Student is taught to translate from one language into another.

·         Students study grammar deductively.

·         Students memorize native language equivalents for target language vocabulary words.

2.   DM (Direct-Method):

·         Students need to associate meaning with the target language directly.

·         Grammar is taught inductively.

·         The syllabus used in direct method is based upon situation or topic.

·         Student practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences.

3.   ALM (Audio-Lingual-Method):

·         New vocabulary and structural patterns are presented through dialogues.

·         The dialogues are learned through imitation and repetition.

·         Grammar is induced from the examples given -cultural information is contextualized in dialogues or presented by the teacher.

·         Student’s reading and written work is based upon the oral work they did earlier.

13.        How is the culture viewed in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         Grammar-Translation Method: Culture is viewed as consisting of literature and the fine arts.

·         The Direct Method: They study the history, geography and daily lives of the speakers of the language.

·         The Audio- Lingual Method: Culture consists of the everyday behavior and lifestyle of the target language speakers.

14.        What language skills are emphasized in Grammar-Translation Method, The Direct Method, and The Audio-Lingual Method?

Answer:

·         In Grammar-Translation Method, vocabulary and grammar are emphasized. Reading and writing are the primary skills that the students work on. There is much less attention given to speaking and listening. Pronunciation receives little, if any, attention.

·         In The Direct Method, vocabulary is emphasized over grammar. Although work on all four skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) occurs from the start, 30 The Direct Method or l communication is seen as basic. Thus the reading and writing exercises are based upon what the students practice orally first. Pronunciation also receives attention right from the beginning of a course.

·         In The Audio-Lingual Method, vocabulary is kept to a minimum while the students are mastering the sound system and grammatical patterns. A grammatical pattern is not the same as a sentence. For instance, underlying the following three sentences is the same grammatical pattern.  Natural order of skills presentation is adhered to: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The oral skills receive most of the attention. What students write they have first been introduced to orally, Pronunciation is taught from the beginning, often by students working in language laboratories on discriminating between members of minimal pairs.